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Leandro Should Have Ended Long Ago

4For all the confusion, finger-pointing, and rancor that accompanied the North Carolina Supreme Court’s final ruling in the Leandro school-finance case, the primary emotion it conjured in me was relief. This is likely the last time I’ll feel compelled to comment on the matter.
I have many acquaintances, and some cherished friends, who are very angry at the Supreme Court for bringing an official end to the litigation without delivering its intended outcome: a court order compelling the state to spend billions of dollars more on public schools, necessarily financed by tax increases.
I mean no disrespect to them, but such an outcome would have been outrageous. Begun in 1994 as a legal claim that school systems in low-wealth counties should receive additional state funds so they could offer programs and facilities comparable to higher-wealth counties, the Leandro case then morphed into a broader claim that all of North Carolina’s public schools were funded below a minimum level required by the state constitution.
An “equity” lawsuit, in other words, became an “adequacy” lawsuit. Why? Because unlike the prior states targeted by similar equity lawsuits, North Carolina already funded its schools primarily with state taxes, not local ones. Because urban school districts intervened to lodge their own fiscal claims. And because the organizations behind the Leandro litigation believe increases in education spending would be good public policy.
They have every right to believe that. But Article IX of the state constitution, the one requiring that the state legislature “shall provide by taxation and otherwise for a general and uniform system of free public schools” wherein “equal opportunities shall be provided for all students,” isn’t the whole of the document.
Other sections require that all legislative power be vested in the General Assembly, that the legislature enacts state budgets, that “no money shall be drawn from the state treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law,” and that “the people of this state shall not be taxed or made subject to the payment of any impost or duty without the consent of themselves or their representatives in the General Assembly, freely given.”
Nothing in the design or operation of North Carolina’s constitutional order could reasonably be construed to allow the judicial branch to decide how much money taxpayers must spend on education, or for a governor and court to collude to produce a “settlement” drawn up by a left-wing advocacy group and about which the legislative branch, possessing the power of the purse, has no say.
Moreover, the state constitution is full of explicit and implicit protections of rights other than that of the opportunity to receive a sound, basic education. It protects, for example, the rights of North Carolinians to enjoy “the fruits of their own labor.” It promises that “every person for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person, or reputation shall have remedy by due course of law; and right and justice shall be administered without favor, denial, or delay.” And it states that the “benefits of The University of North Carolina and other public institutions of higher education” should “as far as practicable, be extended to the people of the state free of expense.”
Would it be proper to taxpayers to file a lawsuit alleging that North Carolina’s tax code imposes too heavy a burden on their right to “the fruits of their own labor,” and then for some future governor to negotiate a “settlement” that required state lawmakers or county commissioners to lower their tax rates by a set amount? What about litigation to force the state treasurer or state controller to transfer funds to the Department of Public Safety, the Administrative Office of the Courts, or county sheriff‘s departments for specified programs to ensure swift justice? Should the Supreme Court decide what specific amount of UNC tuition is as “free of expense” as “practicable”?
These are weighty matters, but not justiciable ones. So is the amount annually appropriated to public schools.

Editor’s note: John Hood is a John Locke Foundation board member. His books Mountain Folk, Forest Folk, and Water Folk combine epic fantasy with American history (FolkloreCycle.com).

Fighting the good fight: The truth about legacy

20aLegacy is more than what we leave at the end of a life—it’s something we’re building each day we live and breathe. True legacy is made of the things that outlive us.
How do we build our lives in a way that leads others to conclude we finished well? That we completed the course of our life, remaining faithful to what we said really matters? How do we fortify ourselves, our minds, and our attention span against drift?
I look to someone I think pulled it off. As a Pastor and Christian communicator, the Bible is a natural go-to for me.
“I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith.”
2 Timothy 4:7 (NIV)
This is Apostle Paul’s final letter to his young protégé, Timothy. Paul is near death and he knows it. He wants to make sure his parting words are something of substance.
He’s saying:
I fought when it was difficult…
I put one foot in front of the other even though it was long and there was no end, no victory in sight.
And while everything didn’t go the way I might have preferred, I didn’t quit. I didn’t abandon anything. In short, he says, I stayed. That’s faithfulness.
Much of what we do is unseen. Others may see the results of what you do, but they don’t notice that you do it. You may not SEE someone love others more than themselves, but you see someone who listens instead of winning the argument.
You can’t SEE someone choose integrity, but you can see an employee who does the right thing when no one is checking. You can’t always SEE someone forgive, but you see relationships that don’t fall apart. You don’t always SEE someone pray, but you see the peace that doesn’t make sense.
You might not SEE someone stay faithful in reading the Bible, but you see wisdom show up at just the right time. You can’t SEE someone fight temptation, but you see a life that didn’t derail.
That seems like faithfulness to me. Remaining true to what we say really matters. What would compel a man whose life was marked by beatings, imprisonment, rejection and ridicule to keep on the path that resulted in so much pain, so much turmoil?
The answer to that question appears in his next line:
“Now there is in store for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me on that day—and not only to me, but also to all who have longed for his appearing.” 2 Timothy 4:8 (NIV)
He knew there was more. And he says it’s not just for him, but for everyone who lives their lives according to God-honoring principles.
Guard yourself against the ease of drifting from what really matters. Refuse comparison. Resist bitterness and return to God’s perspective. Legacy is lost more often through distraction than it is through disaster.

Facts must come before explanations

4aWho is to blame for North Carolina losing its industrial base over the past two decades? Misguided federal lawmakers who passed free-trade agreements? Foolish state policymakers who refused to invest in new infrastructure? Overzealous local regulators?
I’ve heard each of these explanations before. Perhaps you have, too. But none constitutes a valid explanation for North Carolina’s shrinking industrial base — because, contrary to popular belief, our industrial base hasn’t been shrinking!
In the latest year for which all the data are available, 2024, facilities in North Carolina produced nearly $104 billion worth of manufactured goods. Adjusted for inflation, our manufacturing output in 2004 was about $100 billion. If we broaden the scope to goods-producing industries — including not just manufacturing but agriculture, forestry, mining, and other resource extraction — North Carolina’s output in 2024 was $154 billion, up from $144 billion in 2004.
Of course, the state’s overall economy grew by far more than 7% during the period. Manufacturing made up 12% of North Carolina’s GDP in 2024, down from 21% in 2004. Goods production was 18%, down from 27%. When people claim we have “deindustrialized,” these are the statistics they cite, along with the undeniable truth that a smaller share of North Carolinians work in manufacturing and other goods production today than was true for past generations.
While these statistics are valid, the gloom-and-doom conclusions drawn from them are invalid. That manufacturers produce as much or more annual output with fewer workers indicates productivity gains, not sectoral declines. Indeed, the investment in plants, machines, hardware, software, and robotics required to be competitive in 21st-century manufacturing is pretty much the opposite of deindustrialization!
And when health care, finance, recreation, entertainment, and other services grow more rapidly than good-producing sectors, that doesn’t mean the latter are shrinking, or inadequate to supply what consumers demand.
When the vast majority of North Carolinians worked in farming, the vast majority were, by today’s standards, grindingly poor. This was no coincidence. As new techniques and devices revolutionized agriculture, producing much more food and fiber with much fewer human and natural resources, workers shifted to higher-value labor, including manufacturing. The process has continued throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with the shift from goods to services accompanied by a rising standard of living.
I know the deindustrialization myth won’t go away anytime soon. In part, it reflects a fundamental insight from classical economics: that people often form conclusions based on what they personally witness, fail to recognize the significance of things they don’t, and then resist attempts to convince them otherwise.
In our state, factory closures have been readily apparent. Most of the furniture plants that employed my grandfather and great-grandfathers in Caldwell and Burke counties no longer exist. Neither do many factories that once produced textiles, apparel, and tobacco products. Indeed, the output of North Carolina’s non-durable manufacturing sector did shrink by 17% from 2004 to 2024.
During the same time, however, the manufacture of durable goods shot up 48%. We currently produce machine tools, appliances, buses, tractors, trucks, trains, planes, engines, and much else. These plants aren’t necessarily in the same communities where prior generations produced towels, socks, or cigarettes.
“Between a good and a bad economist this constitutes the whole difference,” wrote the French analyst Frédéric Bastiat, in that “the one takes account only of the visible effect [while] the other takes account of both the effects which are seen and those which it is necessary to foresee.”
Some accept these realities but argue that such economic changes have ruined the prospects for young men. This claim is also invalid. Women have enjoyed larger income gains than men, but most of the latter also gained. Scott Winship, a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, estimates that median pre-tax earnings of men aged 25 to 29 rose 24% from 1973 to 2024. Their median post-tax compensation rose 40%.
I’m all for making North Carolina more hospitable to investment and industry. But let’s stick to the facts.

Editor’s Note: John Hood is a John Locke Foundation board member. His books Mountain Folk, Forest Folk, and Water Folk combine epic fantasy with American history (FolkloreCycle.com).

Troy's Perspective: Data centers could be good for community

5aCumberland County and Fayetteville often overlook valuable economic and growth opportunities, leaving residents feeling disconnected from the region's potential for development and prosperity. Identifying community leaders and stakeholders who can champion these ideas can make residents feel valued and motivated to contribute to shared progress and inclusion. Change is a natural part of life, and when we overlook opportunities, they can be challenging to reclaim. Embrace the moment and act before it's too late.
Data centers are increasingly seen as a key opportunity for innovation and economic growth in Cumberland County. Highlighting their key features can help community members see the benefits and foster pride among political and business sectors. However, understanding the investment requirements and potential risks involved can help stakeholders make informed decisions and support sustainable growth initiatives.
Environmental risks are the primary concern for those opposing data centers in our community. Recognizing established environmental issues can help underscore the significance of sustainable development. We can also highlight how data centers are implementing eco-friendly practices, such as renewable energy use and water conservation, to reassure residents and promote responsible growth.
Are there any economic initiatives we can implement in our community that are completely risk-free? The answer is likely no. This response is not intended to undermine the valid concerns expressed by individuals who have legitimate opinions about the potential downsides of introducing data center technology to our community.
We are living in the 21st century, and reverting to only using landline telephones while avoiding AI technology is not a solution-oriented approach in this global economy. The options are like a classic animated showdown: The Flintstones against The Jetsons. Which timeless tale will we choose to embrace?
There is no need to overemphasize past mistakes. However, Fayetteville and Cumberland County have historically missed opportunities, leaving residents frustrated or resigned. Now, we face a familiar crossroads again. By ensuring everyone who needs to be at the table is included, we can foster hope and motivate proactive participation to shape a better future.
Individuals over 70 years old, the baby boomers, are the most politically active group and are leading the opposition to data centers. This observation is more anecdotal than scientific, as it is based on responses from people who have completed surveys so far. The upside is that they are aware of community change; however, some seniors tend to downplay the importance of technology and are averse to using unfamiliar devices.
We need greater involvement from citizens in their 20s, 30s, and 40s in community decision-making, as these age groups are more likely to be affected by these decisions than the older generation, who tend to have a shorter lifespan.
For the record, I am also one of those baby boomers in my seventies. However, I understand that we live in a world that is constantly changing. If the community I love—Fayetteville and Cumberland County—wants to keep pace with the global landscape, we must embrace unfamiliar changes. This could include the introduction of data centers.

Publisher's Pen: Keeping Fayetteville powered: The quiet excellence of PWC

4In an era when utility costs across the nation seem to rise faster than household incomes, it’s easy for frustration to overshadow facts. But every once in a while, it’s worth pausing to recognize the people who work tirelessly behind the scenes to keep our community running — and to keep our rates among the lowest in North Carolina.
That’s exactly what the Fayetteville Public Works Commission has done, and continues to do, for the residents of Fayetteville and Cumberland County.
In a meeting in late February, PWC held a public hearing and adopted a two year electric rate adjustment. No utility enjoys raising rates, and PWC is no exception. But the truth is simple: the cost of providing safe, reliable electric service has risen sharply, and PWC has absorbed those increases for as long as possible. Now, to keep pace with unavoidable expenses, modest adjustments are necessary.
And here’s the part too often overlooked — PWC has done an extraordinary job protecting its customers from the worst of national price increases.
A Local Success Story
According to J.D. Power, average utility prices nationwide have surged 34% since 2020. That’s the reality facing families from coast to coast. However, PWC has kept electric rate increases to just 16.5% over the same period — less than half the national average. That didn’t happen by accident. It happened because PWC’s leadership, engineers, lineworkers, accountants, and support staff have spent years cutting costs, tightening budgets, and finding efficiencies long before asking local Fayetteville/Cumberland County customers to pay a penny more. Over the last four years, PWC has reduced operations and maintenance costs by an average of $15.8 million per year, and deferred or reclassified another $7.6 million annually in capital projects. That is responsible stewardship.
The Real Costs PWC Must Address
Even with these savings, some increases cannot be avoided:
• Duke Energy rate increases
• Debt service for capital improvements
• Rising electrical system and operating expenses
These are not optional costs. This is the price of keeping the lights on, our water clean, and the wastewater system safe — 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Still Among the Lowest Rates in North Carolina
The average residential customer will see about an $8 a month increase, and even with these unavoidable adjustments, most PWC residential customers will be less than the state average and less than every other electric provider serving Cumberland County.
Without a doubt, rates matter, but so does reliability, and our PWC ranks among the best in the entire state. Google it! Fewer outages. Faster response times. Better infrastructure. That’s the result of decades of disciplined investment and a workforce committed to excellence.
When storms hit, when temperatures spike, when the grid is strained, PWC’s crews are out there — often before dawn, often in dangerous conditions — making sure our community stays powered and protected.
Unlike other towns and cities, our rate adjustments were not made in a back room or rushed through without scrutiny. This is another way PWC reflects commitment to the trust of the people it serves.
This editorial was chosen and needed because it’s important to give credit where credit is due. Many communities feel powerless against rising utility costs. Here in Fayetteville and Cumberland County, we have something very special: a public utility that works relentlessly to keep rates low, reliability high, and service dependable.
PWC’s board, management, staff, and employees deserve recognition for their hard work and discipline, foresight, and dedication. They have done what many utilities across the country have not done. They have protected their customers from the worst of national inflation while continuing to deliver exceptional service.
That’s not just good management. That’s good stewardship. And it’s one more reason Fayetteville remains a strong, resilient, and forward looking community.
Thank you for reading Up & Coming Weekly.

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